Twenty years after the Brundtland report, the concept of sustainable development is still considered as innovative, even if it is subject to many criticisms. To be sustainable, development must integrate three dimensions: economic, social and environmental. The accomplishment of these three dimensions calls for radical technical and socio-economic innovations.
The climatic preservation and the environmental issue require their transformation into individual and collective “needs”. Economic forces and populations, starting with the rich countries, have to recognize that. During the very strong growth of the post-war period, there was an acceleration of the cumulative set of environmentally destructive mechanisms that occurred simultaneously with mass production and consumption. But since these mechanisms have been associated with an important rise in the standard of living, governments, companies, and various associations have tacitly remained silent on ecological questions. Today, the seriousness of the situation is becoming known. Now the modification of the techno-economic paradigm requires cooperative action by all economic and social actors. Sensitizing, and before all the education of the producers and the consumers, is necessary to facilitate the reorientation of economic activities and the creation of new spaces of valorization of productive resources. Collapse of the viability of the “fordist” model (the undifferentiated production and mass consumption), teaches us the strict relationship between public education, aspirations, and the launching of innovative process that must be reconfigured within the paradigm linking technology to economy, and ultimately to social regulation.